대만 반도체 파운드리 산업이 가진 미세공정의 글로벌 중요성
2021.06.28
What Is the Global Significance of the Taiwanese Semiconductor Industry's Advanced Processes?
대만 반도체 파운드리 산업이 가진 미세공정의 글로벌 중요성
As UMC and GlobalFoundries successively end their respective developments of advanced processes, the advanced process market has now become an oligopoly, with TSMC and Samsung as the only remaining suppliers （excluding SMIC, which is currently affected by geopolitical tensions between China and the US）. According to TrendForce’s latest investigations, TSMC holds a 70% market share in advanced processes below – and including – the 1Xnm node, while Samsung’s market share is about 30%.
UMC와 글로벌파운드리는 각각 미세공정 개발을 마침으로써, 이제 미세 공정 시장은 TSMC와 삼성과 함께
과점 시장이 되었다(중국의 SMIC는 미중의 정치적 갈등으로 제외하였다).
시장조사업체 트렌드포스에 따르면 지난 조사에서 TSMC는 1X나노 이하의 미세공정 시장에서 점유율 70%를 차지하였고, 삼성은 약 30%정도를 차지하였다.
As electronic products demand faster data transmission speeds and better performance in response to IoT and 5G applications, the chips contained in these products also need to shrink in size and consume less power.
Hence, process technologies need to evolve in order to enable the production of increasingly advanced chips.
In this light, suppliers of such chips as smartphone AP, CPU, and GPU primarily rely on Taiwan for its semiconductor industry’s advanced process technologies.
사물인터넷과 5G에서 더 빠른 데이터 전송 속도와 더 좋은 수행을 원하는 전자제품 수요로, 이런 제품에 내장되는칩의 크기가 작아야하고 전력 소모를 줄여야했다.그래서 더욱 발전된 칩 생산을 가능하게 하는 미세 공정 기술이 필요하게 되었다.스마트폰 AP, CPU와 GPU같은 팹리스 칩 공급자들은 미세공정으로 생산하기위해서 우선적으로 대만에의존하게 되었다.
Why is Taiwan able to hold key manufacturing competencies, market shares, and unsurpassed technologies in the global foundry industry?
대만이 글로벌 제조 경쟁력과 탁월한 기술을 보유할 수있는 이유
After TSMC pioneered its pure-play foundry services more than 30 years ago, UMC also subsequently transitioned to a foundry business model. However, the build-out and maintenance of wafer fabs require enormous human resources, capital expenditures, and environmental support, all of which have been skyrocketing since the industry progressed below the 40nm node into the EUV era.
TSMC가 30년전에 순수 파운드리 생산을 시작한 후에, UMC가 뒤를이어 파운드리 사업으로 전환했다.
웨이퍼 공장을 설립 운영하는데는 거대한 인적 자원, 시설 투자 비용과 생태계의 지원등 이 모든 것들이 40나노 공정에서 극자외선 공정까지 급속하게 발전하였다.
Factors including governmental support, human resource development, utility services, and long-term amortization and depreciation are all indispensable for foundries to keep up their fab operations. TrendForce’s findings indicate that Taiwan possesses about 50% of the global foundry capacity, and this figure will likely continue growing due to the persistent demand for advanced processes.
정부지원, 인적 자원 개발, 설비와 장기적인 감가 상각등을 포함한 요소들은 파운드리 공장 운영을 위한 필수불가결
요소들이다.
트렌드포스의 조사에 의하면 글로벌 파운드리 생산 능력의 50% 이상이 대만에 있으며, 미세공정에 대한 지속적인
수요로 더욱 커질것이다.
Taiwanese foundries led by TSMC and UMC operate based on a pure-play foundry model, which means they do not compete with their clients outside of foundry operations.
TSMC와 UMC가 주도하는 대만 파운드리는 순수 파운드리 모델로, 고객과 경쟁하지 않는다.
(분석: 삼성은 스마트폰을 만들고 또 애플의 AP도 삼성의 파운드리 공장에서 만들었다. 즉 고객과 경쟁하는
처지에서 고객의 제품을 위탁 생산하는 것이다)
Foundries are able to maximize the profitability of the semiconductor ecosystem in Taiwan thanks to Taiwan’s comprehensive PC, ICT, and consumer electronics industries.
In addition, not only are they able to deliver PPA（performance, power, and area） advantages to their clients through technology scaling and node shrinking, they are also unsurpassed in their comprehensive silicon IP cores and longstanding product development services. Other competing foundries are unlikely to make breakthroughs in these fields and catch up to Taiwanese foundries in the short run.
On the whole, the Taiwanese foundry industry is able to maintain its leadership thanks to competencies in human capital, client strategies, process technologies, capital intensify, economies of scale, and superior production capacities.
Furthermore, not only do advancements in semiconductor fabrication technology require developmental efforts from foundries, but they also need support throughout the entire supply chain, including upstream wafer suppliers and downstream client feedbacks, both of which can serve to eliminate yield detractors and raise yield rates. Therefore, the Taiwanese semiconductor industry derives its advantage from foundries（TSMC, UMC, PSMC, and VIS）, as well as from the cross-industrial support across silicon wafer suppliers（SAS and GlobalWafers）, fabless IC design clients, and packaging and testing operators（ASE, etc.）