리어왕

2023.05.28

 

THE TRAGEDY OF KING LEAR

by William Shakespeare

Dramatis Personae

"리어왕의 비극 윌리엄 셰익스피어

등장인물

 

      Lear, King of Britain. 리어, 영국왕.
      King of France.          프랑스왕
      Duke of Burgundy.    브르고뉴 공작
      Duke of Cornwall.      코너월 공작
      Duke of Albany.          알바니 공작
      Earl of Kent.                켄트 백작
      Earl of Gloucester.       글로스터 백작
      Edgar, son of Gloucester.
      Edmund, bastard son to Gloucester.
      Curan, a courtier.
      Old Man, tenant to Gloucester.
      Doctor.  의사
      Lear's Fool.리어의 어릿광대
      Oswald, steward to Goneril.  오스왈드, 고네릴의 집사. 
      A Captain under Edmund's command.    에드뮨드의 지휘하에 있는 대장. 
      Gentlemen. 신하들. 
      A Herald.    전령.
      Servants to Cornwall.  코너월에게 속한 하인들.

      Goneril, daughter to Lear. 코네릴, 리어의 딸
      Regan, daughter to Lear.  리간,  리어의 딸
      Cordelia, daughter to Lear. 코델리아, 리어의 딸

      Knights attending on Lear, Officers, Messengers, Soldiers,
        Attendants.

    리어를 따르는 기사들, 장교들, 전령, 병사들, 시중인들.

 

리어, 영국의 왕. 프랑스의 왕. 부르고뉴 공작. 코너월 공작. 앨바니 공작. 켄트 백작. 글로스터 백작. 에드거, 글로스터의 아들. 에드뮨드, 글로스터의 사생아. 큐런, 궁중 신하. 노인, 글로스터의 세입자. 의사. 리어의 어릿광대. 오스왈드, 고네릴의 집사. 에드뮨드의 지휘하에 있는 대장. 신하들. 전령. 코너월에게 속한 하인들.

 

 

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ACT I. Scene I. [King Lear's Palace.]

Enter Kent, Gloucester, and Edmund. [Kent and Glouceste converse. Edmund stands back.]

Kent. I thought the King had more affected the Duke of Albany than Cornwall.

Glou. It did always seem so to us; but now, in the division of the kingdom, it appears not which of the Dukes he values most, for equalities are so weigh'd that curiosity in neither can make choice of either's moiety.

 

Kent. Is not this your son, my lord?

Glou. His breeding, sir, hath been at my charge. I have so often blush'd to acknowledge him that now I am braz'd to't.

Kent. I cannot conceive you.

Glou. Sir, this young fellow's mother could; whereupon she grew round-womb'd, and had indeed, sir, a son for her cradle ere she had a husband for her bed. Do you smell a fault?

 

1장 1장. [리어왕의 궁전.]
켄트, 글로스터, 에드뮨드가 등장한다. [켄트와 글로스터가 대화한다.
에드뮨드는 뒤에 서 있다.]

  켄트: 나는 왕이 앨바니 공작에 더 호감을 갖고 있는 것 같았는데
     코너월도 그렇게 생각했었다.
  글로스터: 우리도 그렇게 생각해왔지만 이제 왕의 왕국 분할에서
     두 공작 중 어느 것을 더 중요하게 여기는지 알 수 없다.
     공평성이 그 정도로 측정되어서 호기심으로는 어느 쪽도 선택할
     수 없는 것 같다.

  켄트: 이것이 당신의 아들이 아닌가요, 내왕?
  글로스터: 그의 양육은 나의 책임이었다, 선생님. 내가 그를
     인정하기 어려워서 너무 자주 부끄러워했던 나는 이제는 그것에
     익숙해져 있다.
  켄트: 이해할 수 없어요.
  글로스터: 선생님, 이 젊은 친구의 어머니는 이해할 수 있었다.
     그래서 그녀는 임신했고, 사실 선생님, 그녀는 남편보다는 먼저
     아이를 가졌다. 잘못이 냄새나나요?

 

 

Kent. I cannot wish the fault undone, the issue of it being so
     proper.
  Glou. But I have, sir, a son by order of law, some year elder
than this, who yet is no dearer in my account. Though this knave
came something saucily into the world before he was sent for, yet
was his mother fair, there was good sport at his making, and the
     whoreson must be acknowledged.- Do you know this noble
gentleman,
     Edmund?
  Edm. [comes forward] No, my lord.
  Glou. My Lord of Kent. Remember him hereafter as my honourable
     friend.
  Edm. My services to your lordship.
  Kent. I must love you, and sue to know you better.
  Edm. Sir, I shall study deserving.
  Glou. He hath been out nine years, and away he shall again.
                                                 Sound a sennet.

 

켄트: 그 잘못을 돌이키길 원하지 않아요. 그 결과가 그렇게 적절하기 때문에요.
  글로스터: 하지만 저는, 선생님, 법으로 인해 먼저 태어난 내 아들이 있습니다. 그럼에도 불구하고 그는 내게서 더 비싼 존재는 아닙니다. 이 녀석은 부름 없이 뻔뻔하게 세상에 나왔지만 그의 어머니는 아름다웠고, 그를 만들 때 좋은 재미가 있었으며, 이 불행한 녀석은 인정되어야 합니다. 이 귀족 신사를 알고 있나요, 에드뮨드?
  에드뮨드: [앞으로 나옴] 아니오, 내왕님.
  글로스터: 켄트 선생님. 앞으로 그를 제 존경할 만한 친구로 기억하세요.
  에드뮨드: 당신을 위한 제 서비스입니다.
  켄트: 당신을 사랑하고, 더 알아가기 위해 청하고 싶습니다.
  에드뮨드: 선생님, 제가 합당하게 행동하겠습니다.
  글로스터: 그는 9년 동안 벗어났고, 다시 떠날 것입니다.
                                                 세넷 소리가 울리다.

 

The King is coming.

 Enter one bearing a coronet; then Lear; then the Dukes of
      Albany and Cornwall; next, Goneril, Regan, Cordelia, with
                              Followers.

 

왕이 오고 있습니다.
 관을 차고 있는 한 사람이 등장하고, 그 후에 리어, 앨바니 공작과 코너월도 공작이 나오고, 

그 다음에 고네릴, 리간, 코르델리아가 추종자들과 함께 나옵니다.

 

 Lear. Attend the lords of France and Burgundy, Gloucester.
  Glou. I shall, my liege.
                                 Exeunt [Gloucester and Edmund].
  Lear. Meantime we shall express our darker purpose.
     Give me the map there. Know we have divided
     In three our kingdom; and 'tis our fast intent
     To shake all cares and business from our age,
     Conferring them on younger strengths while we
     Unburthen'd crawl toward death. Our son of Cornwall,
     And you, our no less loving son of Albany,
     We have this hour a constant will to publish
     Our daughters' several dowers, that future strife
     May be prevented now. The princes, France and Burgundy,
     Great rivals in our youngest daughter's love,
     Long in our court have made their amorous sojourn,
     And here are to be answer'd. Tell me, my daughters
     (Since now we will divest us both of rule,
     Interest of territory, cares of state),

 

리어: 프랑스와 버건디의 군주들에게 주의를 기울여라, 글로스터.
  글로스터: 예, 제왕님.
                                [글로스터와 에드뮨드가 퇴장한다.]
  리어: 그동안 어두운 의도를 표현하겠다.
     지도를 내게 가져다 주라. 우리가 왕국을 세 부분으로 나누었음을
     알아둬라. 그리고 이것은 우리가 확고한 의도로
     나이로부터 모든 걱정과 사무를 떨쳐버리고,
     젊은 힘들에게 그들을 넘겨주며
     죽음을 향해 무거운 짐을 지지 않고 기어가려는 것이다.

     코너월의 아들과, 앨바니의 사랑하는 아들들,
     우리는 지금 이 순간에 우리 딸들의 가진 재산을 분명하게 밝히려 한다.
     그렇게 함으로써 미래의 갈등을 예방할 수 있을 것이다.
     프랑스와 버건디 왕자들은
     우리 막내 딸의 사랑을 두고 큰 경쟁자로서
     우리의 궁정에서 오랫동안 사랑의 여정을 보냈으며,
     여기에 답변을 들을 차례이다. 말해봐, 나의 딸들아
     (이제 우리는 서로 통치의 의무를 벗어나려고 하니,
     영토의 이익, 국가의 걱정을 제외하고서).

 

Which of you shall we say doth love us most?
     That we our largest bounty may extend
     Where nature doth with merit challenge. Goneril,
     Our eldest-born, speak first.
  Gon. Sir, I love you more than words can wield the matter;
     Dearer than eyesight, space, and liberty;
     Beyond what can be valued, rich or rare;
     No less than life, with grace, health, beauty, honour;
     As much as child e'er lov'd, or father found;
     A love that makes breath poor, and speech unable.
     Beyond all manner of so much I love you.
  Cor. [aside] What shall Cordelia speak? Love, and be silent.
  Lear. Of all these bounds, even from this line to this,
     With shadowy forests and with champains rich'd,
     With plenteous rivers and wide-skirted meads,
     We make thee lady. To thine and Albany's issue
     Be this perpetual.- What says our second daughter,
     Our dearest Regan, wife to Cornwall? Speak.

 

"너희 중에서 누가 우리를 가장 사랑하는지 말해보시오.
 그러면 우리가 가장 풍족한 은혜를 베풀 수 있을 것이다.
 그것은 자연이 공평하게 요구하는 곳에.우리 장녀 고네릴, 먼저 말해라.

  고네릴: 세상이라는 말로는 표현할 수 없을 만큼 나는 당신을 사랑합니다.
     시력, 공간, 자유보다 더욱 소중하게 여깁니다.
     그 가치를 평가할 수 없을 정도로 풍부하고 희귀합니다.
     생명과 우아함, 건강, 아름다움, 명예와 함께라도 아닙니다.
     아이가 사랑한 만큼, 아버지가 찾은 만큼 사랑합니다.
     숨이 가빠지고 말이 나오지 않을 정도로 사랑합니다.
     이만큼 사랑합니다.

  코르델리아: [옆으로 속삭임] 코르델리아가 무엇을 말해야 할까요? 사랑하고 침묵합시다.
  리어: 이 한 끝에서 저 한 끝까지,
     그림자로 가득 찬 숲과 풍부한 초원으로,
     풍부한 강과 넓은 목초지로,
     우리는 너를 여자로 삼습니다. 너와 앨바니의 자손들에게
     이 영원히 부여될 것입니다. 둘째 딸,
     코너월의 아내인 우리 가장 사랑하는 리간, 어떻게 말하시나요? 말하세요."

 

Reg. Sir, I am made
     Of the selfsame metal that my sister is,
     And prize me at her worth. In my true heart
     I find she names my very deed of love;
     Only she comes too short, that I profess
     Myself an enemy to all other joys
     Which the most precious square of sense possesses,
     And find I am alone felicitate
     In your dear Highness' love.
  Cor. [aside] Then poor Cordelia!
     And yet not so; since I am sure my love's
     More richer than my tongue.
  Lear. To thee and thine hereditary ever
     Remain this ample third of our fair kingdom,
     No less in space, validity, and pleasure
     Than that conferr'd on Goneril.- Now, our joy,
     Although the last, not least; to whose young love
     The vines of France and milk of Burgundy
     Strive to be interest; what can you say to draw
     A third more opulent than your sisters? Speak.
  Cor. Nothing, my lord.
  Lear. Nothing?
  Cor. Nothing.
  Lear. Nothing can come of nothing. Speak again.
  Cor. Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave
     My heart into my mouth. I love your Majesty
     According to my bond; no more nor less.
  Lear. How, how, Cordelia? Mend your speech a little,
     Lest it may mar your fortunes.
  Cor. Good my lord,
     You have begot me, bred me, lov'd me; I
     Return those duties back as are right fit,
     Obey you, love you, and most honour you.
     Why have my sisters husbands, if they say
     They love you all? Haply, when I shall wed,
     That lord whose hand must take my plight shall carry
     Half my love with him, half my care and duty.
     Sure I shall never marry like my sisters,
     To love my father all.
  Lear. But goes thy heart with this?
  Cor. Ay, good my lord.
  Lear. So young, and so untender?
  Cor. So young, my lord, and true.
  Lear. Let it be so! thy truth then be thy dower!
     For, by the sacred radiance of the sun,
     The mysteries of Hecate and the night;
     By all the operation of the orbs
     From whom we do exist and cease to be;
     Here I disclaim all my paternal care,
     Propinquity and property of blood,
     And as a stranger to my heart and me
     Hold thee from this for ever. The barbarous Scythian,
     Or he that makes his generation messes
     To gorge his appetite, shall to my bosom
     Be as well neighbour'd, pitied, and reliev'd,
     As thou my sometime daughter.
  Kent. Good my liege-
  Lear. Peace, Kent!
     Come not between the dragon and his wrath.
     I lov'd her most, and thought to set my rest
     On her kind nursery.- Hence and avoid my sight!-
     So be my grave my peace as here I give
     Her father's heart from her! Call France! Who stirs?
     Call Burgundy! Cornwall and Albany,
     With my two daughters' dowers digest this third;
     Let pride, which she calls plainness, marry her.
     I do invest you jointly in my power,
     Preeminence, and all the large effects
     That troop with majesty. Ourself, by monthly course,
     With reservation of an hundred knights,
     By you to be sustain'd, shall our abode
     Make with you by due turns. Only we still retain
     The name, and all th' additions to a king. The sway,
     Revenue, execution of the rest,
     Beloved sons, be yours; which to confirm,
     This coronet part betwixt you.
  Kent. Royal Lear,
     Whom I have ever honour'd as my king,
     Lov'd as my father, as my master follow'd,
     As my great patron thought on in my prayers-
  Lear. The bow is bent and drawn; make from the shaft.
  Kent. Let it fall rather, though the fork invade
     The region of my heart! Be Kent unmannerly
     When Lear is mad. What wouldst thou do, old man?
     Think'st thou that duty shall have dread to speak
     When power to flattery bows? To plainness honour's bound
     When majesty falls to folly. Reverse thy doom;
     And in thy best consideration check
     This hideous rashness. Answer my life my judgment,
     Thy youngest daughter does not love thee least,
     Nor are those empty-hearted whose low sound
     Reverbs no hollowness.
  Lear. Kent, on thy life, no more!
  Kent. My life I never held but as a pawn
     To wage against thine enemies; nor fear to lose it,
     Thy safety being the motive.
  Lear. Out of my sight!
  Kent. See better, Lear, and let me still remain
     The true blank of thine eye.
  Lear. Now by Apollo-
  Kent. Now by Apollo, King,
     Thou swear'st thy gods in vain.
  Lear. O vassal! miscreant!
                                   [Lays his hand on his sword.]
  Alb., Corn. Dear sir, forbear!
  Kent. Do!
     Kill thy physician, and the fee bestow
     Upon the foul disease. Revoke thy gift,
     Or, whilst I can vent clamour from my throat,
     I'll tell thee thou dost evil.
  Lear. Hear me, recreant!
     On thine allegiance, hear me!
     Since thou hast sought to make us break our vow-
     Which we durst never yet- and with strain'd pride
     To come between our sentence and our power,-
     Which nor our nature nor our place can bear,-
     Our potency made good, take thy reward.
     Five days we do allot thee for provision
     To shield thee from diseases of the world,
     And on the sixth to turn thy hated back
     Upon our kingdom. If, on the tenth day following,
     Thy banish'd trunk be found in our dominions,
     The moment is thy death. Away! By Jupiter,
     This shall not be revok'd.
  Kent. Fare thee well, King. Since thus thou wilt appear,
     Freedom lives hence, and banishment is here.
     [To Cordelia] The gods to their dear shelter take thee,
maid,
     That justly think'st and hast most rightly said!
     [To Regan and Goneril] And your large speeches may your
deeds
        approve,
     That good effects may spring from words of love.
     Thus Kent, O princes, bids you all adieu;
     He'll shape his old course in a country new.
Exit.

  Flourish. Enter Gloucester, with France and Burgundy;
Attendants.

  Glou. Here's France and Burgundy, my noble lord.
  Lear. My Lord of Burgundy,
     We first address toward you, who with this king
     Hath rivall'd for our daughter. What in the least
     Will you require in present dower with her,
     Or cease your quest of love?
  Bur. Most royal Majesty,
     I crave no more than hath your Highness offer'd,
     Nor will you tender less.
  Lear. Right noble Burgundy,
     When she was dear to us, we did hold her so;
     But now her price is fall'n. Sir, there she stands.
     If aught within that little seeming substance,
     Or all of it, with our displeasure piec'd,
     And nothing more, may fitly like your Grace,
     She's there, and she is yours.
  Bur. I know no answer.
  Lear. Will you, with those infirmities she owes,
     Unfriended, new adopted to our hate,
     Dow'r'd with our curse, and stranger'd with our oath,
     Take her, or leave her?
  Bur. Pardon me, royal sir.
     Election makes not up on such conditions.
  Lear. Then leave her, sir; for, by the pow'r that made me,
     I tell you all her wealth. [To France] For you, great King,
     I would not from your love make such a stray
     To match you where I hate; therefore beseech you
     T' avert your liking a more worthier way
     Than on a wretch whom nature is asham'd
     Almost t' acknowledge hers.
  France. This is most strange,
     That she that even but now was your best object,
     The argument of your praise, balm of your age,
     Most best, most dearest, should in this trice of time
     Commit a thing so monstrous to dismantle
     So many folds of favour. Sure her offence
     Must be of such unnatural degree
     That monsters it, or your fore-vouch'd affection
     Fall'n into taint; which to believe of her
     Must be a faith that reason without miracle
     Should never plant in me.
  Cor. I yet beseech your Majesty,
     If for I want that glib and oily art
     To speak and purpose not, since what I well intend,
     I'll do't before I speak- that you make known
     It is no vicious blot, murther, or foulness,
     No unchaste action or dishonoured step,
     That hath depriv'd me of your grace and favour;
     But even for want of that for which I am richer-
     A still-soliciting eye, and such a tongue
     As I am glad I have not, though not to have it
     Hath lost me in your liking.
  Lear. Better thou
     Hadst not been born than not t' have pleas'd me better.
  France. Is it but this- a tardiness in nature
     Which often leaves the history unspoke
     That it intends to do? My Lord of Burgundy,
     What say you to the lady? Love's not love
     When it is mingled with regards that stands
     Aloof from th' entire point. Will you have her?
     She is herself a dowry.
  Bur. Royal Lear,
     Give but that portion which yourself propos'd,
     And here I take Cordelia by the hand,
     Duchess of Burgundy.
  Lear. Nothing! I have sworn; I am firm.
  Bur. I am sorry then you have so lost a father
     That you must lose a husband.
  Cor. Peace be with Burgundy!
     Since that respects of fortune are his love,
     I shall not be his wife.
  France. Fairest Cordelia, that art most rich, being poor;
     Most choice, forsaken; and most lov'd, despis'd!
     Thee and thy virtues here I seize upon.
     Be it lawful I take up what's cast away.
     Gods, gods! 'tis strange that from their cold'st neglect
     My love should kindle to inflam'd respect.
     Thy dow'rless daughter, King, thrown to my chance,
     Is queen of us, of ours, and our fair France.
     Not all the dukes in wat'rish Burgundy
     Can buy this unpriz'd precious maid of me.
     Bid them farewell, Cordelia, though unkind.
     Thou losest here, a better where to find.
  Lear. Thou hast her, France; let her be thine; for we
     Have no such daughter, nor shall ever see
     That face of hers again. Therefore be gone
     Without our grace, our love, our benison.
     Come, noble Burgundy.
             Flourish. Exeunt Lear, Burgundy, [Cornwall, Albany,
                                    Gloucester, and Attendants].
  France. Bid farewell to your sisters.
  Cor. The jewels of our father, with wash'd eyes
     Cordelia leaves you. I know you what you are;
     And, like a sister, am most loath to call
     Your faults as they are nam'd. Use well our father.
     To your professed bosoms I commit him;
     But yet, alas, stood I within his grace,
     I would prefer him to a better place!
     So farewell to you both.
  Gon. Prescribe not us our duties.
  Reg. Let your study
     Be to content your lord, who hath receiv'd you
     At fortune's alms. You have obedience scanted,
     And well are worth the want that you have wanted.
  Cor. Time shall unfold what plighted cunning hides.
     Who cover faults, at last shame them derides.
     Well may you prosper!
  France. Come, my fair Cordelia.
                                     Exeunt France and Cordelia.
  Gon. Sister, it is not little I have to say of what most nearly
     appertains to us both. I think our father will hence
to-night.
  Reg. That's most certain, and with you; next month with us.
  Gon. You see how full of changes his age is. The observation we
     have made of it hath not been little. He always lov'd our
     sister most, and with what poor judgment he hath now cast
her
     off appears too grossly.
  Reg. 'Tis the infirmity of his age; yet he hath ever but
slenderly
     known himself.
  Gon. The best and soundest of his time hath been but rash; then
     must we look to receive from his age, not alone the
     imperfections of long-ingraffed condition, but therewithal
     the unruly waywardness that infirm and choleric years bring
with
     them.
  Reg. Such unconstant starts are we like to have from him as
this
     of Kent's banishment.
  Gon. There is further compliment of leave-taking between France
and
     him. Pray you let's hit together. If our father carry
authority
     with such dispositions as he bears, this last surrender of
his
     will but offend us.
  Reg. We shall further think on't.
  Gon. We must do something, and i' th' heat.
                                                         Exeunt.